{"id":3503,"date":"2025-02-03T10:07:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T20:07:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/"},"modified":"2026-01-16T04:24:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T14:24:08","slug":"imperialisme-nucleaire","status":"publish","type":"notice-cep","link":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-3503\" data-postid=\"3503\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-3503 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_xscp52 tb_first tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6h9x52 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wau652   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 class='separator-section-1'>Page 1<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Mau Ta\u2019o faufa\u2019a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I\u2019oa pi\u2019i\u00a0: \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au, \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a, hau\u2019emepera, hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, poritita parauanoho<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Te parau ra \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, fatuhia i te \u2019\u014dmuara\u2019a n\u014d te mau matahiti 1960 ra, i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019anotau ei reira te mana\u2019o p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te vaitaha-roa-ra\u2019a, t\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra \u00efa i te tau\u2019atira\u2019a hurit\u0101\u2019ere o n\u0101 parau e piti o tei \u2019itehia ei fa\u2019a\u2019aura\u2019a au-\u2019ore\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, e ta\u2019o \u00efa o tei ha\u2019amana\u2019o mai i te mau hoho\u2019a n\u014d te ano e n\u014d te p\u016bai hau\u2019\u0113, e, \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u00a0\u00bb, e ta\u2019o \u00efa o tei t\u012btau i te fatira\u2019a te mau n\u016bna\u2019a e te mau fenua i raro a\u2019e i te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b a te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 mana e\u2019\u0113. N\u0101 roto i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, e \u2019ohie i te m\u0101ramarama n\u014d te aha r\u0101 te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i riro mai ai ei parau p\u016bai mau\u0101 n\u014d te mau t\u0101\u2019atira\u2019a mai te Porora\u2019a natihau n\u014d te fa\u2019a\u2019ore i te mau mauha\u2019a tama\u2019i \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b (ICAN). E \u00ab\u00a0hoho\u2019a papa fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b turuhia e te Hau\u00a0\u00bb, fa\u2019a\u2019ohipahia e \u00ab\u00a0te t\u0101\u2019\u0101to\u2019a o te mau ravera\u2019a i te p\u016b \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i roto i \u00ab\u00a0te mau p\u016b a te hui\u2019emepera n\u014d na\u2019uanei e \u2019aore \u00efa n\u014d tahito ra\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Teie huru t\u0101tarara\u2019a, m\u0101 te h\u014dro\u2019a mai i te ha\u2019apotora\u2019a tano noa n\u014d te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e riro i te ha\u2019apar\u0101hurahu i te m\u0101ramaramara\u2019a o te parau e tae roa atu ho\u2019i i te fa\u2019a\u2019ore i t\u014d na \u2019ana\u2019anatae t\u0101\u2019ato\u2019a n\u014d te ferurira\u2019a. N\u014d hea mai te \u00ab\u00a0fa\u2019anahora\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e e aha te t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_5u9752 last\">\n                    <!-- module plain text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-plain-text tb_ero052 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module plain text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_wsua658 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_l6tv658 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_31qg658   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 class='separator-section-2'>Page 2<\/h2>\n<p>i rotop\u016b i t\u014d na mau ha\u2019amatara\u2019a e te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera\u00a0? E mea n\u0101 hea te \u00ab\u00a0fa\u2019anahora\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te fa\u2019atauira\u2019a i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb iho\u00a0? E ti\u2019a mau \u0101nei i te mau tama hui\u2019emepera ia riro mai ei fei\u0101 \u2019ati fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012bhia ra, e \u2019aore \u00efa \u0113 [n\u014d] te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i ni\u2019a i te mau \u00ab\u00a0p\u016b hui\u2019emepera\u00a0\u00bb, t\u0113 vai ra \u0101nei te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 aut\u016b\u2019ati n\u0101nea atu \u0101 n\u014d te mau honora\u2019a ei reira teie mau tama e mau ai i te tahi mana fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa\u00a0?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>I t\u014d Kwame Nkrumah e te fei\u0101 natihau p\u0101to\u2019i i te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b far\u0101ni, parau-hua-ra\u2019a i te matahiti 1960 ra i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, \u2019aita r\u0101tou i \u2019imi noa na ia riro ei \u2019ohipa fa\u2019ahiahia. I \u2019imi na r\u0101 r\u0101tou ia matara m\u0101ite mai te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019ait\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a mau, \u2019iteaparau e m\u0101teria, i rotop\u016b i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a papa\u2019\u0101 e te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a fa\u2019atau\u2019\u0101p\u012b n\u014d te fa\u2019atupu i te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. M\u0101 te p\u016bhara i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, i t\u0101pa\u2019o na r\u0101tou i te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a o te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i roto i te tau e te vauvau\u00a0: h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u0101 fa\u2019aaura\u2019a mai te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 tuha\u2019a n\u014d te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera tau\u2019\u0101p\u012b, e, mai te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2018\u0101muira\u2019a n\u014d te mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a t\u016bea-\u2019ore e hono nei i te mau Hau \u2019ona i nu\u2019u na, e, te mau Hau \u2019ona e \u2019aore \u00efa \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au-muri (t\u0101ipe 1).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101ipe 1. I roto mai i te putuputura\u2019a n\u014d \u00ab\u00a0te \u2019ohipa maita\u2019i\u00a0\u00bb, fa\u2019anahohia e Kwame Nkrumah i Accra, i Ghana, eper\u0113ra 1960. Hoho\u2019a-pata piahia i te 7 n\u014d eper\u0113ra 1960 i roto i te <em>Evening News <\/em>(ve\u2019a ha\u2019amauhia e K. Nkrumah).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module accordion -->\n<div  class=\"module module-accordion tb_rf4s735 iconographie\" data-behavior=\"toggle\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    \n    <ul class=\"ui module-accordion separate  transparent\">\n            <li class=\"builder-accordion-active\">\n            <h2 class=\"accordion-title tf_rel\">\n                <a href=\"#acc-rf4s735-0\" class=\"tb_title_accordion\" aria-controls=\"acc-rf4s735-0-content\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n                    <i class=\"accordion-icon tf_hide\"><svg  class=\"tf_fa tf-ti-angle-up\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#tf-ti-angle-up\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i>                    <i class=\"accordion-active-icon\"><svg  class=\"tf_fa tf-ti-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#tf-ti-angle-down\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i>                    Figure 1                <\/a>\n            <\/h2><!-- .accordion-title -->\n            <div id=\"acc-rf4s735-0-content\" data-id=\"acc-rf4s735-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"accordion-content tf_clearfix\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tb_mg7c735\" itemprop=\"text\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column tb_20lt735 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ints285 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg\" class=\"lightbox-builder themify_lightbox\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1831\" src=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-3034\" title=\"Positive Action\" alt=\"Le 7 avril 1960, le premier dirigeant du Ghana postcolonial, Kwame Nkrumah, a prononc\u00e9 le discours d&#039;ouverture de la Conf\u00e9rence d&#039;action positive pour la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Accra, au Ghana. La photo montre l&#039;estrade depuis laquelle Nkrumah s&#039;est exprim\u00e9, sur laquelle \u00e9tait inscrite la phrase \u00ab Pas d&#039;imp\u00e9rialisme nucl\u00e9aire \u00bb. La conf\u00e9rence, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de plus de 20 \u00c9tats africains et d&#039;organisations pacifistes du monde entier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9e en raison de ce que Nkrumah a appel\u00e9 \u00ab l&#039;apog\u00e9e d&#039;outrages impitoyables et concert\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;encontre des peuples pacifiques \u00bb d&#039;Afrique. Outre les formes \u00ab flagrantes \u00bb et \u00ab plus anciennes \u00bb d&#039;imp\u00e9rialisme, telles que le \u00ab massacre gratuit \u00bb de manifestants anti-apartheid en Afrique du Sud quinze jours avant la conf\u00e9rence, les \u00ab outrages \u00bb auxquels Nkrumah faisait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incluaient \u00e9galement ce qui lui semblait \u00eatre une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire dans l\u2019oppression : l&#039;explosion, le 13 f\u00e9vrier, d&#039;une bombe atomique fran\u00e7aise dans le Sahara alg\u00e9rien (The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah&#039;s Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 avril 1960).\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-300x215.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-1024x732.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-768x549.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-1536x1098.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-2048x1465.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            <em>Le 7 avril 1960, le premier dirigeant du Ghana postcolonial, Kwame Nkrumah, a prononc\u00e9 le discours d&#8217;ouverture de la Conf\u00e9rence d&#8217;action positive pour la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Accra, au Ghana. La photo montre l&#8217;estrade depuis laquelle Nkrumah s&#8217;est exprim\u00e9, sur laquelle \u00e9tait inscrite la phrase \u00ab Pas d&#8217;imp\u00e9rialisme nucl\u00e9aire \u00bb. La conf\u00e9rence, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de plus de 20 \u00c9tats africains et d&#8217;organisations pacifistes du monde entier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9e en raison de ce que Nkrumah a appel\u00e9 \u00ab l&#8217;apog\u00e9e d&#8217;outrages impitoyables et concert\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;encontre des peuples pacifiques \u00bb d&#8217;Afrique. Outre les formes \u00ab flagrantes \u00bb et \u00ab plus anciennes \u00bb d&#8217;imp\u00e9rialisme, telles que le \u00ab massacre gratuit \u00bb de manifestants anti-apartheid en Afrique du Sud quinze jours avant la conf\u00e9rence, les \u00ab outrages \u00bb auxquels Nkrumah faisait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incluaient \u00e9galement ce qui lui semblait \u00eatre une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire dans l\u2019oppression : l&#8217;explosion, le 13 f\u00e9vrier, d&#8217;une bombe atomique fran\u00e7aise dans le Sahara alg\u00e9rien <\/em>(The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah&#8217;s Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 avril 1960).        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_46j0523   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p><em>T\u0101tarara\u2019a\u00a0: I te 7 n\u014d \u2019\u0113per\u0113ra matahiti <\/em><em>1960 ra, te fa\u2019atere m\u0101t\u0101mua n\u014d Ghana \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au n\u014d muri a\u2019e, o Kwame Nkrumah, i vauvau na \u2019oia i te \u2019\u014drero \u2019iritira\u2019a i te Rurura\u2019a n\u014d te rohi maita\u2019i n\u014d te hau \u2019e te \u0101rai-p\u0101ruru i Accra, i Ghana. T\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra te hoho\u2019a pata i te purupiti mai reira t\u014d Nkrumah \u2019\u014drerora\u2019a, \u2019ei reira ho\u2019i te t\u0101pa\u2019ora\u2019ahia te \u2019\u012brava ra \u00ab\u00a0Eiaha \u2019ei hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a <\/em>\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b<em>\u00bb. Te rurura\u2019a, \u2019ei reira te \u2019\u0101muira\u2019a mai te mau raumaire n\u014d tei hau atu i te 20 Hau \u2019\u0100firita \u2019e te mau t\u0101\u2019atira\u2019a fa\u2019atupu-hau n\u014d te ao t\u0101\u2019\u0101to\u2019a nei, i t\u012btauhia \u00efa n\u014d te tumu o t\u0101 Nkrumah i pi\u2019i na\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0te f\u0101ito \u2018\u016b\u2019ana o te mau h\u0101mani-\u2019ino-ra\u2019a aroha-\u2019ore e fa\u2019aauhia i ni\u2019a i te mau n\u016bna\u2019a hau n\u014d \u2019\u0100firita. A ta\u2019a atu ai te mau huru \u00ab\u00a0hahira\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb \u2019e \u00ab\u00a0tahito roa a\u2019e\u00a0\u00bb o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, mai te mau\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0taparahi-h\u0101noa-ra\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb o te mau fei\u0101 ta\u2019ahi p\u0101to\u2019i-ora\u2019\u014dpae i \u2019\u0100firita Apato\u2019a \u2019ahuru m\u0101 pae mahana n\u0101 mua a\u2019e i te rurura\u2019a, te \u00ab\u00a0mau h\u0101mani-\u2019ino-ra\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb i fa\u2019ahitihia na e Nkrumah, i poi ato\u2019a na i tei mana\u2019ohia e ana \u2019ei tuha\u2019a hau atu \u0101 i roto i te fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012bra\u2019a\u00a0: te ha\u2019ap\u0101\u2019inara\u2019a, i te 13 n\u014d fepuare ra, o te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 p\u0101ura <\/em>\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b <em>far\u0101ni i roto i te Sahara i \u2019\u0100ret\u0113ria <\/em>(The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah\u2019s Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 n\u014d \u2019\u0113per\u0113ra matahiti 1960).<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div><!-- .accordion-content -->\n        <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n<\/div><!-- \/module accordion -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_8fq6658 last\">\n                    <!-- module plain text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-plain-text tb_7u8u658 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module plain text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_bj1d837 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_412i837 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_mr2a837   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 class='separator-section-3'>Page 3<\/h2>\n<p>Ia au i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, te tai\u2019ora\u2019a t\u0101u\u2019apapa i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e t\u012btau te reira i n\u0101 tuha\u2019a tuat\u0101papa ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 e piti : t\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e \u2019aore \u00efa t\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te tahi a\u2019e pae, e t\u014d te \u2019ihifenua poritita e te parauanoho poritita i te tahi atu a\u2019e pae. E ti\u2019ara\u2019a faufa\u2019a o tei mauhia na e Kwame Nkrumah i roto i te fatura\u2019a i te mau niu \u2019ihimana\u2019o n\u014d te matameha\u2019i [hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b]. Te t\u0101pa\u2019o i tuuhia e ana i ni\u2019a i te ta\u2019o ra \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i roto i t\u0101 na fa\u2019ahapara\u2019a i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, t\u0113 fa\u2019atoro ra \u00efa i ni\u2019a i te mau m\u0101\u2019imira\u2019a a te \u2019ihitapiho\u2019o ti\u2019am\u0101 m\u0101tauhia [\u2018oia \u2019o] John Hobson, o tei fa\u2019ahiti \u2019\u0113na i te parau o te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb n\u014d te t\u0101tara e mea n\u0101 hea te moni-papa \u2019\u0101p\u012b e te mau m\u0101tete i te fa\u2019aitoitora\u2019a i te horo-p\u016bpara-ra\u2019a i \u2019Afirita i te\u00a019<sup>ra\u2019a<\/sup> o te tenetere.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>I t\u0101tara m\u0101ite na o Nkrumah i teie r\u0113ni mana\u2019o i roto i t\u0101 na puta \u2019i te matahiti 1965 ra, <em>Neo-Colonialism<\/em> [<em>\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b<\/em>], o tei m\u0101na\u2019ona\u2019o e ua h\u0101manihia te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b n\u0101 roto i te ti\u2019ararora\u2019a t\u0101mau o te mau Hau \u2019afirita ia fa\u2019aauhia ia Europa e te mau Hau-\u00c2mui [Marite], noa atu \u00efa t\u014d r\u0101tou ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a mana i muri a\u2019e i te \u2019aina-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au. Te fa\u2019atoro ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 ra \u2019oia i ni\u2019a i te \u2019\u0101muira\u2019a o te mau fatu fare-moni peret\u0101ne, far\u0101ni e marite o tei \u00ab mau nei i te mau p\u016b-moni e t\u016bte a te mau [\u2026] Hau ti\u2019am\u0101 \u2019\u0101p\u012b \u00bb, e o tei turu maori ho\u2019i i \u00ab te p\u0101\u2019ohura\u2019a tapiha\u2019a \u0101p\u012b o te pata\u2019ohie, te \u0101uira, te \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019a i te vauvau \u00bb. Te fa\u2019ahiro\u2019a mai ra te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te mau \u00ab raveravera\u2019a a te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a poritita p\u0101hono-\u2018ore-hia \u00bb, o tei rave i te faufa\u2019a-moni e te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a n\u014d te fa\u2019a\u0101tea ia na i te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b hui\u2019emepera o tei niuhia i ni\u2019a i te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019a o te mau fenua\u00a0<span id='footnote-ref-1' class='footnote-ref'><a href='#footnote-1'>[1]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ua arata\u2019i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a i te huru fa\u2019atua\u2019\u0101\u2019aira\u2019ahia te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a. I ha\u2019ap\u0101p\u016b na o Gabrielle Hecht \u0113 i to te mau Hau hui\u2019emepera fa\u2019atupura\u2019a i te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, \u00ab i fa\u2019anahohia na \u00efa ei mono i te hui\u2019emepera\u2026 ei r\u0101ve\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b e ei t\u0101pa\u2019o n\u014d te ti\u2019ara\u2019a i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 hau ia ha\u2019aparare i t\u014d na mana n\u0101 te ao nei\u00a0\u00bb. Te \u2019itera\u2019a i te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ei mau mono hui\u2019emepera, e \u2019aore \u00efa ei tuha\u2019a hope\u2019a n\u014d te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a \u2019ona e tau\u2019\u0101p\u012b, te h\u014dro\u2019a mai ra \u00efa i te tahi hi\u2019ora\u2019a p\u0101p\u016b, e riro ato\u2019a r\u0101 te reira ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a ha\u2019apoto roa<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Te mau puna, te mau faufa\u2019a e te mau aunatira\u2019a hui\u2019emepera, e\u2019ere ana\u2019e \u00efa e f\u0101ito ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 roa atu i te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e \u2019aore \u00efa piri atu ia r\u0101tou ; ua arata\u2019i p\u016bai ato\u2019a r\u0101 r\u0101tou i te huru n\u014d to teie mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019ahia. Te mau uira\u2019a faufa\u2019a n\u014d te papa o te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, te raut\u012bra\u2019a iho\u0101 r\u0101 i te mau fifi e riro i te f\u0101 mai e te m\u0101\u2019itira\u2019a i te mau p\u016b t\u0101matamatara\u2019a, e noa\u2019a ta r\u0101tou p\u0101honora\u2019a i roto i te mau tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera. Te huru hi\u2019ora\u2019a a te mau ti\u2019a hui\u2019emepera i te aoh\u0101\u2019ati m\u0113t\u0113para e te mau motu m\u0113t\u0113para \u2013 e tae noa atu i te mau ta\u2019ata i noho na i reira \u2013 ua riro \u00efa ei turu rahi i roto i te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. Te mau faufa\u2019a hui\u2019emepera fa\u2019aauhia i te n\u0101tura, i te taura ta\u2019ata e i te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a, ua fa\u2019a\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012bhia r\u0101tou, m\u0101 te \u2019iriti ho\u2019i i te arati\u2019a n\u014d te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab huru fifi \u2019\u0101p\u012b \u00bb honohia i te mau aoh\u0101\u2019ati ta\u2019ero, i te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a ha\u2019avaitahahia i ni\u2019a i te mau hihi ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e i te mana nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau-tapiha\u2019a\u00a0<span id='footnote-ref-2' class='footnote-ref'><a href='#footnote-2'>[2]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_0t9f837 last\">\n                    <!-- module plain text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-plain-text tb_olmc837 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module plain text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_adya571 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1alk571 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gijt571   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 class='separator-section-4'>Page 4<\/h2>\n<p>E ti\u2019a roa ato\u2019a ia fa\u2019aau i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ei tumu n\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0<u>au\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012bra\u2019a<\/u>\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: te arata\u2019ira\u2019a poritita e n\u0101 reira te mau m\u0101teria e te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te ha\u2019av\u0101ra\u2019ahia ei \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb. Hou a\u2019e r\u0101 te mau Hau a \u2019imi ai n\u014d te p\u0101to\u2019i e te t\u0101pa\u2019o i tei \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012bhia e tei \u2019ore, i ha\u2019ap\u0101p\u016b maori na r\u0101tou e mea n\u0101 hea te mau hina\u2019aro \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i tano ai ia fa\u2019atupuhia. I \u2019\u014dpuahia na te fa\u2019anahora\u2019a n\u014d te t\u0101pa\u2019ora\u2019a ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 e t\u016b\u2019ati ei reira te mau ti\u2019a, te mau aunatira\u2019a e te mau faufa\u2019a hui\u2019emepera e ora atu ai i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 ti\u2019ara\u2019a m\u0101t\u0101mua.<\/p>\n<p>Te ti\u2019ara\u2019a o te mau hui\u2019emepera europa ei arata\u2019i i te \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a [n\u014d te] i\u2019oa-papa, ei reira te mau r\u0101\u2019au tupu, te mau \u2019\u0101nimara e te mau pir\u016b i te \u2019\u0101papara\u2019ahia i roto i te mau tumuti\u2019a, i riro ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 mau na ei p\u0101turu. I te Fenua-Pirit\u0101nia (Peret\u0101ne) e i Far\u0101ni, te mau m\u0101\u2019imira\u2019a m\u0101t\u0101mua i ni\u2019a i te mau \u2019\u0113f\u0113 n\u014d te parauora e te aoh\u0101\u2019ati o te ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b a te ta\u2019ata nei, ua f\u0101nauhia te reira i roto i te mau p\u016b hui\u2019emepera n\u014d te r\u0101pa\u2019aura\u2019a ma\u2019i i te pae reva-vera. Mai te mau motu parataito ho\u2019i i ni\u2019a ia r\u0101tou, a muri a\u2019e, e fa\u2019a\u2019ohipahia atu ai t\u014d na p\u016bai t\u016bano, te ora roto o te \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u0113 i tuat\u0101papahia na e te mau taote n\u014d te hope\u2019a o te 19<sup>ra\u2019a <\/sup>o te tenetere ei \u00ab\u00a0m\u0101teria iho\u2019e\u2019\u0113\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Mai te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ato\u2019a i h\u0101mani na i te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ua fa\u2019a\u2019\u0101p\u012b te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a o te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i t\u0101 na t\u0101tarara\u2019a n\u014d te \u2019ohipa a te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b hui\u2019emepera, te tahi atu \u0101 \u00efa tuha\u2019a e ha\u2019amo\u2019emo\u2019e atu ra i roto i te mau tereratau o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. I te mea \u0113 e ua fa\u2019arirohia te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a ei \u2019\u014dtamutamu i te tau e te vauvau, ua fa\u2019ataui ato\u2019a r\u0101tou i te mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a i rotop\u016b i te mau ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a hui\u2019emepera e te mau paehiti \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au. Ua ha\u2019amau teie mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a i te matat\u0101ipe n\u014d te hoho\u2019a n\u0101 roto i te reira te mau hui\u2019emepera e te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te tuat\u0101papara\u2019ahia, te mau \u00ab\u00a0\u0101rea fa\u2019at\u016btia\u00a0\u00bb paehiti o tei h\u014dro\u2019a mai i te rima-rave-\u2019ohipa, te mau puna e te vauvau e au i te\u00a0mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a r\u016b a te mau ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a i te pae n\u014d te \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a e n\u014d te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ua t\u016bru\u2019i te \u2019anotau \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i ni\u2019a i teie mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a-paehiti, e ua fa\u2019ataui ia r\u0101tou, m\u0101 te ha\u2019afifi pinepine i te manahau\u2019\u0113 o tei noa\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b mai i te mau Hau ti\u2019am\u00e4. Mai tei fa\u2019aarahia na e te tomitera-teitei marite i Firipino m\u0101 i te \u2019\u014dro\u2019a fa\u2019ahanahana n\u014d te ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a firipino, i te 4 n\u014d tiurai matahiti 1946 ra : \u00ab ua t\u0101aru te mau hau ato\u2019a i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 tuha\u2019a n\u014d to r\u0101tou ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a, n\u014d to r\u0101tou ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a hope, i te manureva ra, i te r\u0101tio ra, e i te paura \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ra \u00bb. M\u0101 te \u2018\u0101muitahi, ua tauturu teie mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a [i te f\u0101ra\u2019a mai] te mau huru \u2019\u0101p\u012b o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, i ni\u2019a a\u2019e i te fa\u2019anahora\u2019a t\u0101\u2019ato\u2019a, te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab ao t\u0101pirihia \u00bb n\u014d te \u00ab hi\u2019opo\u2019a e n\u014d te hi\u2019opo\u2019a aotahi n\u0101 roto i te r\u0101ve\u2019a n\u014d te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 p\u016bai nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau m\u0101 te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a teitei \u00bb.\u00a0<span id='footnote-ref-3' class='footnote-ref'><a href='#footnote-3'>[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Teie hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b, o te mau Hau-\u2019\u0100mui [Marite] ho\u2019i te mau matahiapo, ua n\u0101-ni\u2019a-iho a\u2019e \u00efa i te mau poritita fenua a te mau hui\u2019emepera europa. Ua ha\u2019af\u0101nau mai te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0hi\u2019ora\u2019a hu\u2019ahu\u2019a o te vauvau\u00a0\u00bb, hau atu i te 800 p\u016b nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau i fatuhia na e te mau Hau-\u2019\u0100mui [Marite] n\u0101 te ao nei i te pae hope\u2019a n\u014d te tama\u2019i to\u2019eto\u2019e. I roto i teie fa\u2019anahora\u2019a, ua riro te nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau marite ei \u00ab\u00a0fatu fenua rahi roa a\u2019e, te taiete tapiho\u2019o tauha\u2019a rahi roa a\u2019e e te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa ito rahi roa a\u2019e n\u0101 te ao nei\u00a0\u00bb. E inaha i teie mau mahana, a fa\u2019aho\u2019ona noa ai te mau taiete n\u014d te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b i roto i te mau m\u0101tini p\u016b\u2019oi ha\u2019iha\u2019i n\u014d te p\u0101hono i te mau hia\u2019ai ito o te m\u0101ramarama h\u0101manihia, i te mea ra \u0113 e t\u0101mau atu \u0101 te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te h\u0101mani \u2019\u0101p\u012b fa\u2019ahou i te \u2019ahu vauvau n\u0101 te reva o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ei hoho\u2019a n\u014d te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b.<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1wrt571 last\">\n                    <!-- module plain text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-plain-text tb_76jn571 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module plain text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_y2yt738 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_eb7c738 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_y5zb738   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 class='separator-section-5'>Page 5<\/h2>\n<p>Te hoho\u2019a ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a-paehiti, a ta\u2019a atu ai t\u014d na faufa\u2019a n\u014d te feruri i te parauanoho poritita a te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e riro \u2019ona i te huna i te mau urufifi tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai o te mau tapiho\u2019ora\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. Te \u00ab\u00a0paehiti\u00a0\u00bb, o te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00efa f\u0101ito p\u0101p\u016b \u2019ore roa ra, n\u014d te mea \u0113 te mau paehiti ei reira te arata\u2019ira\u2019ahia te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, pinepine r\u0101tou i te fatu i ta r\u0101tou iho \u00ab\u00a0p\u016b\u00a0\u00bb ei reira te \u2019\u0101uah\u0101\u2019atira\u2019a te mau \u2019ite e te mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a t\u014dtiare-tapiho\u2019o. Ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a, te p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au-ra\u2019a i f\u0101 mai i Tahiti i te taime o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b far\u0101ni [\u2026], \u2019aita \u00efa i fa\u2019atupu i teie mau \u2019\u014dpape i te motu n\u014d Hao, e vai ato\u2019a nei ho\u2019i i Porinetia far\u0101ni, ei reira te huira\u2019atira i te porofit\u0113ra\u2019a i te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a ia f\u0101na\u2019o r\u0101tou ato\u2019a i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 huru t\u0101ho\u2019\u0113ra\u2019a i te tau n\u014d teie \u00ab\u00a0matahiti \u2019auro\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>N\u014d teie f\u0101, te hoho\u2019a ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a-paehiti mai reira mai te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te \u2019umera\u2019a mai i t\u014d na aura\u2019a, ua herepatahia n\u0101 te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 aunatira\u2019a \u2019\u0101no\u2019ino\u2019i roa atu o te tapiho\u2019ora\u2019a \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au roto. E mea faufa\u2019a i \u2019\u014d nei ia \u2019ite i te ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113ra\u2019a i rotop\u016b i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, e aura\u2019a ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 ho\u2019i to r\u0101ua e piti ato\u2019a ra. Inaha a t\u012btau noa ai te m\u0101t\u0101mua [hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a] i te t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a \u0101tea roa a\u2019e e te heru-faufa\u2019a ho\u2019i m\u0101 te mau fenua paehiti, t\u0113 t\u012btau nei \u00efa te piti [hui\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a] i te natirohi t\u0101mau roa a\u2019e, m\u0101 te fa\u2019a\u014d i te rahira\u2019a o te taime i te mau \u2019aihu\u2019a e te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a n\u014d te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a n\u0101 te tau roa a\u2019e.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>I fati na te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b n\u014d te t\u016bru\u2019i i ni\u2019a i te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a \u2019aihu\u2019a i vai hou na, e \u2019aore ho\u2019i i \u2019imi i te fa\u2019anaho i te mea \u2019\u0101p\u012b. Ia au i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, ua tauturu r\u0101tou i te tahi huru \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a roto, \u2019ore roa atu ai te mau n\u016bna\u2019a ihotupu e mana ia fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te r\u0101ve\u2019a poritita, mai te mea ra e, o tei ha\u2019amatarahia na i te mau Hau \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au ra e \u2019aore \u00efa \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au-muri, riro iho nei teie [mau n\u016bna\u2019a ihotupu] ei \u00ab\u00a0torura\u2019a o te ao\u00a0\u00bb i rotop\u016b i te \u00ab\u00a0ao m\u0101t\u0101mua\u00a0\u00bb papa\u2019\u0101 e te \u00ab\u00a0piti\u00a0\u00bb t\u014dvietia [r\u016btia]. Te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a f\u0101nautumu, te \u00ab\u00a0mahara\u2019a \u00efa o te ao\u00a0\u00bb \u2019ite-mata-\u2019ore-roa-a\u2019e-hia i roto i te \u2019\u0101na\u2019ira\u2019a natihau, i fati na ho\u2019i r\u0101tou n\u014d te fa\u2019aruru i te mau \u2019\u0113f\u0113 \u2019ino roa a\u2019e o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, a ta\u2019a atu ai t\u014d r\u0101tou v\u0101hi niura\u2019a. Te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a far\u0101ni i \u2019\u0100reteria, te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 fenua n\u014d te\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0ao tuhatoru\u00a0\u00bb o tei \u2019aro na n\u014d t\u014d na ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a i te taime a ha\u2019amata ai te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a i te mau matahiti 1960 ra, e mea fa\u2019aano rahi atu \u00efa eiaha n\u014d te mau natihau, n\u014d te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a ihotere r\u0101 n\u014d Touaregs o tei ti\u2019araro m\u0101 te mau pae \u2019apo\u2019o pape e vai ra i piha\u2019i iho i te mau p\u016b t\u0101matamatara.<\/p>\n<p>Te t\u0101tarara\u2019a n\u014d te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ei huru \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a roto\u00a0\u00bb, t\u0113 t\u016brama ato\u2019a ra \u00efa te reira i te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e\u2019ere i t\u0101 te papa\u2019\u0101, o tei mahere pinepine i te hi\u2019opo\u2019ara\u2019a ia au i te hi\u2019ora\u2019a heheu a Marx e L\u00e9nine tuat\u0101papahia e Nkrumah. I fa\u2019atano ato\u2019a na o T\u0101ina (Chine) e o R\u016btia t\u014dvietia i t\u0101 r\u0101ua \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ia au i te hi\u2019opo\u2019ara\u2019a puahema e te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019a i te mau fenua manarua. Te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a t\u012bn\u012bt\u014d i roto i te m\u0113t\u0113para i Gobi, ua fa\u2019a\u2019\u0101\u2019ano atu \u0101 \u00efa r\u0101tou i te p\u016bai nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau i te hope\u2019a n\u014d \u2019apato\u2019erau-to\u2019o\u2019a-\u2018o-te-r\u0101, ei reira te mau Ou\u012bghours, te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 n\u016bna\u2019a iti mahometa, i te vaira\u2019a ataata roa a\u2019e\u00a0; h\u014d\u2019\u0113\u0101 mau \u2019\u0113f\u0113 n\u014d te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a t\u014dvietia i roto i te \u2019ohura\u2019a t\u0101pa-nui e te m\u0101hora rahi i Kazakhstan.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Te tuha\u2019a-\u2019\u0101i\u2019a n\u0101 te roara\u2019a o te tau o te mau patura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ua fa\u2019ahiti-ato\u2019a-hia ei tumu a\u2019e n\u014d te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb [i te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa ho\u2019i] i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a. Ua fa\u2019aauhia te mau t\u014dr\u012br\u012b vi\u2019ivi\u2019i ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b iho\u0101 r\u0101 ei \u2019\u0113f\u0113 n\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0fa\u2019a\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au\u00a0\u00bb i te mau tino e te mau aoh\u0101\u2019ati e\u2019\u0113 n\u0101 roto i t\u0101 r\u0101tou mau toe\u2019a ta\u2019ero. Ua fa\u2019a\u2019ite o John Shiga e mea n\u0101 hea te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b marite n\u0101 te mau motu Marshall i te tauturura\u2019a ia vait\u0101mau te mau<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_aehw738 last\">\n                    <!-- module plain text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-plain-text tb_dvx7738 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module plain text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_vnck108 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_bx40108 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ym43108   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 class='separator-section-6'>Page 6<\/h2>\n<p>\u2019ohipa nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau-\u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a noa atu \u00efa \u0113 ua riro te motu ei fenua i raro a\u2019e i te tia\u2019ira\u2019a mana a te ONU. Te aura\u2019a o te uru-ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b-ra\u2019a o te mau motu, o te rirora\u2019a \u00efa te mau tino o to r\u0101tou huira\u2019atira ei vaira\u2019a n\u014d te mau \u2019ite \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i muri a\u2019e roa i te \u2019anotau o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>M\u0101 te fa\u2019atoro i te mau puna \u2019uraniuma e i te mau p\u016b ha\u2019apu\u2019era\u2019a pehu \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i ni\u2019a i te mau fenua o te fei\u0101 f\u0101nautumu i te mau Hau-\u2019\u0100mui [Marite], ua tae o Winona LaDuke e o Ward Churchill i te m\u0101na\u2019ona\u2019o e te vai nei t\u014d te ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e t\u014d te \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a, mau fa\u2019auiuira\u2019a papa h\u014d\u2019\u0113. I te tahi a\u2019e pae, te nu\u2019ura\u2019atau o te mau fifi i fa\u2019atupuhia na e r\u0101tou, \u2019aita \u00efa e \u2019\u014dti\u2019a, e he\u2019eau\u2019i. I te tahi a\u2019e ho\u2019i pae ra, e mea fa\u2019aau \u2019at\u0101 i te ani ia t\u0101t\u0101\u2019\u012b te fei\u0101 i fa\u2019atupu i te reira mau fifi, te tahi tumu, ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a \u2019apa\u2019apa, n\u014d t\u014d r\u0101tou \u00efa huru \u2019\u014dti\u2019a \u2019ore e vainuira\u2019a. \u00ab O ta [te \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b] e ha\u2019a nei e\u2019ita roa atu \u00efa e ti\u2019a ia fa\u2019ata\u2019a. \u2026 Eita roa atu ho\u2019i te reira e riro ei fifi n\u014d te tahi ta\u2019ata \u2019\u0113 atu, \u2019inaha atu ai te v\u0101hi ei reira \u2019oia i te nohora\u2019a i taua taime ra \u00bb <span id='footnote-ref-4' class='footnote-ref'><a href='#footnote-4'>[4]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Te mau t\u014dr\u012br\u012b vi\u2019ivi\u2019i ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, i te mea e tei ni\u2019a i te fa\u2019anahora\u2019a paraneta, e ti\u2019a ia mana\u2019o \u0113 e ua riro te mau hoho\u2019a hui\u2019emepera ei reru rahi, noa atu \u00efa i vai na te mau paehiti \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au i ni\u2019a i te r\u0113ni m\u0101t\u0101mua o te mau fifi \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. E \u2019inaha, i t\u0101h\u014d\u2019\u0113 na te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e hui\u2019emepera n\u0101 roto i te tumu o te hina\u2019aro \u2019\u0101mui i te p\u016baihau\u2019\u0113 n\u0101 te aotahi e te vaitahira\u2019a. M\u0101 te reira, ua ha\u2019af\u0101nau ato\u2019a mai r\u0101tou i te mau huru n\u014d \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a e n\u014d te m\u0101ramaramara\u2019a paraneta. Te mau \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a o tei tuat\u0101papa i te \u2019aerera\u2019a o te hu\u2019a-ito-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b n\u014d roto mai i te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a, ua ha\u2019af\u0101nau mai \u00efa i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019ihipipi, te parauanaho o te nahoapapa. Ei fa\u2019ahitira\u2019a ia Laura Martin, i te mea ra \u0113 \u00ab\u00a0te anora\u2019a o te tumu t\u012btauhia \u00efa n\u014d te m\u0101ramarama e te natihono nei te ora\u00a0\u00bb. Ua riro te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ei faura\u2019o faufa\u2019a n\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0Auta\u2019ata\u2019\u0101p\u012b \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, ei reira te mau ha\u2019ap\u0101\u2019inara\u2019a e te mau pehu vi\u2019ivi\u2019i o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a i te vai-iho-ra\u2019a mai i te mau t\u0101pa\u2019o ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b o tei ora t\u0101mau atu n\u0101 te roara\u2019a o te mau \u2019anotau.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>E mea faufa\u2019a ia tuat\u0101papa-maita\u2019i-hia te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b m\u0101 te fa\u2019at\u016b\u2019ati i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a parauanaho, e tae noa atu ato\u2019a ho\u2019i i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b e \u2019aore \u00efa i te \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b. Ia au i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, e o vai noa atu \u0101 ho\u2019i te Hau e mata-ara ra i te reira, t\u0113 vai nei t\u014d te t\u0101\u2019ato\u2019a o te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a, mau t\u0101pa\u2019o hui\u2019emepera ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113. N\u014d te f\u0101ito rahi o te anira\u2019a ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e\u2019ita te reira [mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a] e naho maita\u2019i m\u0101 te \u2019ore e fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b n\u0101 te fenua e\u2019\u0113 e \u2019aore n\u0101 [te mau fenua] roto. E ti\u2019a atu r\u00e4 \u00efa ia ha\u2019ap\u0101p\u016b e ua tauturu te mau puna \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e te mau puahema hui\u2019emepera i te mau Hau ia fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u014du\u2019a f\u0101itotahi\u00a0\u00bb e t\u0101pae atu ai i te \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ra\u00a0: te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019\u014du\u2019a, m\u0101 te tahi ravera\u2019a \u2019\u0113 atu, o \u00ab\u00a0tei \u2019ore atu \u00efa e naho m\u0101teria\u00a0\u00bb ia r\u0101tou ia rave, ei fa\u2019ahitira\u2019a ia Alfred Crosby.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>M\u0101 te vauvaura\u2019a atu i te tahi t\u0101tarara\u2019a \u2019\u0101\u2019ano o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ua ha\u2019afaufa\u2019a teie ma\u2019a tua\u2019ite iti i te urufifi n\u014d te tua\u2018\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera e te itoito o te mau ferurira\u2019a o te hui\u2019emepera. E mea faufa\u2019a ho\u2019i teie [tuat\u0101papara\u2019a], n\u014d te mea, a vai \u2019\u0113na a\u2019e mai ai te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b e te mana iho ei hururaura\u2019a, ia firi-ana\u2019e-hia teie mau f\u0101 m\u0101 te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a e nu\u2019u t\u0101mau nei, e naho \u2019\u0101p\u012b fa\u2019ahou mai r\u0101tou. \u2019A ta\u2019a atu ai e t\u0113 vai nei te hina\u2019aro e p\u016b\u2019ohu n\u0101 roto i te tahi t\u0101tarara\u2019a t\u0101\u2019ue\u2019ue \u2019ore m\u0101 te h\u014d\u2019\u0113\u2019irava, e riro \u00efa te reira huru tauto\u2019ora\u2019a i te ha\u2019afaufa\u2019a \u2019ore i te mau itoito o tei fa\u2019ariro i te mau hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ei p\u016bai rahi i roto i te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai o te ao nei. Te taime a ha\u2019amau ai i te reira huru t\u0101tarara\u2019a, \u2019\u0113na \u00efa te nu\u2019ura\u2019a o te parau n\u014d te orara\u2019a e te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai n\u014d te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, mai tei tupu mau atu ho\u2019i n\u0101 te \u2019anotau n\u014d te m\u0101ramarama h\u0101manihia e n\u014d te mau m\u0101tini p\u016b\u2019oi ha\u2019iha\u2019i.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_z8r8108 last\">\n                    <!-- module plain text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-plain-text tb_6woz108 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module plain text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class='separator-section-7'>Page 1<\/h2> Mau Ta\u2019o faufa\u2019a I\u2019oa pi\u2019i\u00a0: \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au, \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a, hau\u2019emepera, hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, poritita parauanoho \u00a0 Te parau ra \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, fatuhia i te \u2019\u014dmuara\u2019a n\u014d te mau matahiti 1960 ra, i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019anotau ei reira te mana\u2019o p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te vaitaha-roa-ra\u2019a, t\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra \u00efa i te tau\u2019atira\u2019a hurit\u0101\u2019ere o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":3032,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"autrice--auteur":[404],"chronologie":[116],"institution":[],"nom-commun":[137,405,406,407,408,409],"nom-propre":[],"class_list":["post-3503","notice-cep","type-notice-cep","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notions-concepts-tah","autrice--auteur-dr-christopher-r-hill-tah","chronologie-annee-60-tah","nom-commun-atomi","nom-commun-colonialisme-tah","nom-commun-colonie-tah","nom-commun-ecologie-politique-tah","nom-commun-empire-tah","nom-commun-imperialisme-tah","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b - Dictionnaire historique du CEP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mau Ta\u2019o faufa\u2019a I\u2019oa pi\u2019i\u00a0: \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au, \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a, hau\u2019emepera, hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, poritita parauanoho \u00a0 Te parau ra \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, fatuhia i te \u2019\u014dmuara\u2019a n\u014d te mau matahiti 1960 ra, i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019anotau ei reira te mana\u2019o p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te vaitaha-roa-ra\u2019a, t\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra \u00efa i te tau\u2019atira\u2019a hurit\u0101\u2019ere o [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dictionnaire historique du CEP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-16T14:24:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2184\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"38 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/\",\"name\":\"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b - Dictionnaire historique du CEP\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-03T20:07:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-16T14:24:08+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ty-reo\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ty-reo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg\",\"width\":2184,\"height\":440},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Notices-CEP\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/notice-archive\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/\",\"name\":\"Dictionnaire historique du CEP\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ty-reo\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Dictionnaire historique du CEP\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ty-reo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-dictionnaire-du-cep-bg-dark.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-dictionnaire-du-cep-bg-dark.png\",\"width\":790,\"height\":782,\"caption\":\"Dictionnaire historique du CEP\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/notices\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b - Dictionnaire historique du CEP","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b","og_description":"Mau Ta\u2019o faufa\u2019a I\u2019oa pi\u2019i\u00a0: \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au, \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a, hau\u2019emepera, hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, poritita parauanoho \u00a0 Te parau ra \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, fatuhia i te \u2019\u014dmuara\u2019a n\u014d te mau matahiti 1960 ra, i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019anotau ei reira te mana\u2019o p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te vaitaha-roa-ra\u2019a, t\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra \u00efa i te tau\u2019atira\u2019a hurit\u0101\u2019ere o [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/","og_site_name":"Dictionnaire historique du CEP","article_modified_time":"2026-01-16T14:24:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2184,"height":440,"url":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"38 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/","url":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/","name":"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b - Dictionnaire historique du CEP","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg","datePublished":"2025-02-03T20:07:14+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-16T14:24:08+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ty-reo","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ty-reo","@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Gabarit-en-te\u0302te-Notice-CEP-1.jpeg","width":2184,"height":440},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/notice-cep\/imperialisme-nucleaire\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Notices-CEP","item":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/notice-archive\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/","name":"Dictionnaire historique du CEP","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ty-reo"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#organization","name":"Dictionnaire historique du CEP","url":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ty-reo","@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-dictionnaire-du-cep-bg-dark.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-dictionnaire-du-cep-bg-dark.png","width":790,"height":782,"caption":"Dictionnaire historique du CEP"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/notices\/"}]}},"builder_content":"<p>[section_separator title=\"Page 1\"]<\/p> <p><strong>Mau Ta\u2019o faufa\u2019a<\/strong><\/p> <p>I\u2019oa pi\u2019i\u00a0: \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au, \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a, hau\u2019emepera, hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, poritita parauanoho<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Te parau ra \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, fatuhia i te \u2019\u014dmuara\u2019a n\u014d te mau matahiti 1960 ra, i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019anotau ei reira te mana\u2019o p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te vaitaha-roa-ra\u2019a, t\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra \u00efa i te tau\u2019atira\u2019a hurit\u0101\u2019ere o n\u0101 parau e piti o tei \u2019itehia ei fa\u2019a\u2019aura\u2019a au-\u2019ore\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, e ta\u2019o \u00efa o tei ha\u2019amana\u2019o mai i te mau hoho\u2019a n\u014d te ano e n\u014d te p\u016bai hau\u2019\u0113, e, \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u00a0\u00bb, e ta\u2019o \u00efa o tei t\u012btau i te fatira\u2019a te mau n\u016bna\u2019a e te mau fenua i raro a\u2019e i te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b a te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 mana e\u2019\u0113. N\u0101 roto i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, e \u2019ohie i te m\u0101ramarama n\u014d te aha r\u0101 te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i riro mai ai ei parau p\u016bai mau\u0101 n\u014d te mau t\u0101\u2019atira\u2019a mai te Porora\u2019a natihau n\u014d te fa\u2019a\u2019ore i te mau mauha\u2019a tama\u2019i \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b (ICAN). E \u00ab\u00a0hoho\u2019a papa fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b turuhia e te Hau\u00a0\u00bb, fa\u2019a\u2019ohipahia e \u00ab\u00a0te t\u0101\u2019\u0101to\u2019a o te mau ravera\u2019a i te p\u016b \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i roto i \u00ab\u00a0te mau p\u016b a te hui\u2019emepera n\u014d na\u2019uanei e \u2019aore \u00efa n\u014d tahito ra\u00bb.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Teie huru t\u0101tarara\u2019a, m\u0101 te h\u014dro\u2019a mai i te ha\u2019apotora\u2019a tano noa n\u014d te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e riro i te ha\u2019apar\u0101hurahu i te m\u0101ramaramara\u2019a o te parau e tae roa atu ho\u2019i i te fa\u2019a\u2019ore i t\u014d na \u2019ana\u2019anatae t\u0101\u2019ato\u2019a n\u014d te ferurira\u2019a. N\u014d hea mai te \u00ab\u00a0fa\u2019anahora\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e e aha te t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n[sidebar_references]\n<p>[section_separator title=\"Page 2\"]<\/p> <p>i rotop\u016b i t\u014d na mau ha\u2019amatara\u2019a e te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera\u00a0? E mea n\u0101 hea te \u00ab\u00a0fa\u2019anahora\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te fa\u2019atauira\u2019a i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb iho\u00a0? E ti\u2019a mau \u0101nei i te mau tama hui\u2019emepera ia riro mai ei fei\u0101 \u2019ati fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012bhia ra, e \u2019aore \u00efa \u0113 [n\u014d] te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i ni\u2019a i te mau \u00ab\u00a0p\u016b hui\u2019emepera\u00a0\u00bb, t\u0113 vai ra \u0101nei te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 aut\u016b\u2019ati n\u0101nea atu \u0101 n\u014d te mau honora\u2019a ei reira teie mau tama e mau ai i te tahi mana fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa\u00a0?<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>I t\u014d Kwame Nkrumah e te fei\u0101 natihau p\u0101to\u2019i i te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b far\u0101ni, parau-hua-ra\u2019a i te matahiti 1960 ra i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, \u2019aita r\u0101tou i \u2019imi noa na ia riro ei \u2019ohipa fa\u2019ahiahia. I \u2019imi na r\u0101 r\u0101tou ia matara m\u0101ite mai te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019ait\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a mau, \u2019iteaparau e m\u0101teria, i rotop\u016b i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a papa\u2019\u0101 e te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a fa\u2019atau\u2019\u0101p\u012b n\u014d te fa\u2019atupu i te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. M\u0101 te p\u016bhara i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, i t\u0101pa\u2019o na r\u0101tou i te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a o te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i roto i te tau e te vauvau\u00a0: h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u0101 fa\u2019aaura\u2019a mai te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 tuha\u2019a n\u014d te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera tau\u2019\u0101p\u012b, e, mai te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2018\u0101muira\u2019a n\u014d te mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a t\u016bea-\u2019ore e hono nei i te mau Hau \u2019ona i nu\u2019u na, e, te mau Hau \u2019ona e \u2019aore \u00efa \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au-muri (t\u0101ipe 1).<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>T\u0101ipe 1. I roto mai i te putuputura\u2019a n\u014d \u00ab\u00a0te \u2019ohipa maita\u2019i\u00a0\u00bb, fa\u2019anahohia e Kwame Nkrumah i Accra, i Ghana, eper\u0113ra 1960. Hoho\u2019a-pata piahia i te 7 n\u014d eper\u0113ra 1960 i roto i te <em>Evening News <\/em>(ve\u2019a ha\u2019amauhia e K. Nkrumah).<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul><li><h4>Figure 1<\/h4><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg\" title=\"Positive Action\" alt=\"Le 7 avril 1960, le premier dirigeant du Ghana postcolonial, Kwame Nkrumah, a prononc\u00e9 le discours d&#039;ouverture de la Conf\u00e9rence d&#039;action positive pour la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Accra, au Ghana. La photo montre l&#039;estrade depuis laquelle Nkrumah s&#039;est exprim\u00e9, sur laquelle \u00e9tait inscrite la phrase \u00ab Pas d&#039;imp\u00e9rialisme nucl\u00e9aire \u00bb. La conf\u00e9rence, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de plus de 20 \u00c9tats africains et d&#039;organisations pacifistes du monde entier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9e en raison de ce que Nkrumah a appel\u00e9 \u00ab l&#039;apog\u00e9e d&#039;outrages impitoyables et concert\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;encontre des peuples pacifiques \u00bb d&#039;Afrique. Outre les formes \u00ab flagrantes \u00bb et \u00ab plus anciennes \u00bb d&#039;imp\u00e9rialisme, telles que le \u00ab massacre gratuit \u00bb de manifestants anti-apartheid en Afrique du Sud quinze jours avant la conf\u00e9rence, les \u00ab outrages \u00bb auxquels Nkrumah faisait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incluaient \u00e9galement ce qui lui semblait \u00eatre une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire dans l\u2019oppression : l&#039;explosion, le 13 f\u00e9vrier, d&#039;une bombe atomique fran\u00e7aise dans le Sahara alg\u00e9rien (The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah&#039;s Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 avril 1960).\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-300x215.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-1024x732.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-768x549.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-1536x1098.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-2048x1465.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/> <\/a> <em>Le 7 avril 1960, le premier dirigeant du Ghana postcolonial, Kwame Nkrumah, a prononc\u00e9 le discours d'ouverture de la Conf\u00e9rence d'action positive pour la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Accra, au Ghana. La photo montre l'estrade depuis laquelle Nkrumah s'est exprim\u00e9, sur laquelle \u00e9tait inscrite la phrase \u00ab Pas d'imp\u00e9rialisme nucl\u00e9aire \u00bb. La conf\u00e9rence, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de plus de 20 \u00c9tats africains et d'organisations pacifistes du monde entier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9e en raison de ce que Nkrumah a appel\u00e9 \u00ab l'apog\u00e9e d'outrages impitoyables et concert\u00e9s \u00e0 l'encontre des peuples pacifiques \u00bb d'Afrique. Outre les formes \u00ab flagrantes \u00bb et \u00ab plus anciennes \u00bb d'imp\u00e9rialisme, telles que le \u00ab massacre gratuit \u00bb de manifestants anti-apartheid en Afrique du Sud quinze jours avant la conf\u00e9rence, les \u00ab outrages \u00bb auxquels Nkrumah faisait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incluaient \u00e9galement ce qui lui semblait \u00eatre une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire dans l\u2019oppression : l'explosion, le 13 f\u00e9vrier, d'une bombe atomique fran\u00e7aise dans le Sahara alg\u00e9rien <\/em>(The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah's Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 avril 1960). <p><em>T\u0101tarara\u2019a\u00a0: I te 7 n\u014d \u2019\u0113per\u0113ra matahiti <\/em><em>1960 ra, te fa\u2019atere m\u0101t\u0101mua n\u014d Ghana \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au n\u014d muri a\u2019e, o Kwame Nkrumah, i vauvau na \u2019oia i te \u2019\u014drero \u2019iritira\u2019a i te Rurura\u2019a n\u014d te rohi maita\u2019i n\u014d te hau \u2019e te \u0101rai-p\u0101ruru i Accra, i Ghana. T\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra te hoho\u2019a pata i te purupiti mai reira t\u014d Nkrumah \u2019\u014drerora\u2019a, \u2019ei reira ho\u2019i te t\u0101pa\u2019ora\u2019ahia te \u2019\u012brava ra \u00ab\u00a0Eiaha \u2019ei hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a <\/em>\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b<em>\u00bb. Te rurura\u2019a, \u2019ei reira te \u2019\u0101muira\u2019a mai te mau raumaire n\u014d tei hau atu i te 20 Hau \u2019\u0100firita \u2019e te mau t\u0101\u2019atira\u2019a fa\u2019atupu-hau n\u014d te ao t\u0101\u2019\u0101to\u2019a nei, i t\u012btauhia \u00efa n\u014d te tumu o t\u0101 Nkrumah i pi\u2019i na\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0te f\u0101ito \u2018\u016b\u2019ana o te mau h\u0101mani-\u2019ino-ra\u2019a aroha-\u2019ore e fa\u2019aauhia i ni\u2019a i te mau n\u016bna\u2019a hau n\u014d \u2019\u0100firita. A ta\u2019a atu ai te mau huru \u00ab\u00a0hahira\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb \u2019e \u00ab\u00a0tahito roa a\u2019e\u00a0\u00bb o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, mai te mau\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0taparahi-h\u0101noa-ra\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb o te mau fei\u0101 ta\u2019ahi p\u0101to\u2019i-ora\u2019\u014dpae i \u2019\u0100firita Apato\u2019a \u2019ahuru m\u0101 pae mahana n\u0101 mua a\u2019e i te rurura\u2019a, te \u00ab\u00a0mau h\u0101mani-\u2019ino-ra\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb i fa\u2019ahitihia na e Nkrumah, i poi ato\u2019a na i tei mana\u2019ohia e ana \u2019ei tuha\u2019a hau atu \u0101 i roto i te fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012bra\u2019a\u00a0: te ha\u2019ap\u0101\u2019inara\u2019a, i te 13 n\u014d fepuare ra, o te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 p\u0101ura <\/em>\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b <em>far\u0101ni i roto i te Sahara i \u2019\u0100ret\u0113ria <\/em>(The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah\u2019s Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 n\u014d \u2019\u0113per\u0113ra matahiti 1960).<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg\" title=\"Positive Action\" alt=\"Le 7 avril 1960, le premier dirigeant du Ghana postcolonial, Kwame Nkrumah, a prononc\u00e9 le discours d&#039;ouverture de la Conf\u00e9rence d&#039;action positive pour la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Accra, au Ghana. La photo montre l&#039;estrade depuis laquelle Nkrumah s&#039;est exprim\u00e9, sur laquelle \u00e9tait inscrite la phrase \u00ab Pas d&#039;imp\u00e9rialisme nucl\u00e9aire \u00bb. La conf\u00e9rence, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de plus de 20 \u00c9tats africains et d&#039;organisations pacifistes du monde entier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9e en raison de ce que Nkrumah a appel\u00e9 \u00ab l&#039;apog\u00e9e d&#039;outrages impitoyables et concert\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;encontre des peuples pacifiques \u00bb d&#039;Afrique. Outre les formes \u00ab flagrantes \u00bb et \u00ab plus anciennes \u00bb d&#039;imp\u00e9rialisme, telles que le \u00ab massacre gratuit \u00bb de manifestants anti-apartheid en Afrique du Sud quinze jours avant la conf\u00e9rence, les \u00ab outrages \u00bb auxquels Nkrumah faisait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incluaient \u00e9galement ce qui lui semblait \u00eatre une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire dans l\u2019oppression : l&#039;explosion, le 13 f\u00e9vrier, d&#039;une bombe atomique fran\u00e7aise dans le Sahara alg\u00e9rien (The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah&#039;s Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 avril 1960).\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-300x215.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-1024x732.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-768x549.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-1536x1098.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Positive-Action-2048x1465.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/> <\/a> <em>Le 7 avril 1960, le premier dirigeant du Ghana postcolonial, Kwame Nkrumah, a prononc\u00e9 le discours d'ouverture de la Conf\u00e9rence d'action positive pour la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Accra, au Ghana. La photo montre l'estrade depuis laquelle Nkrumah s'est exprim\u00e9, sur laquelle \u00e9tait inscrite la phrase \u00ab Pas d'imp\u00e9rialisme nucl\u00e9aire \u00bb. La conf\u00e9rence, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de plus de 20 \u00c9tats africains et d'organisations pacifistes du monde entier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9e en raison de ce que Nkrumah a appel\u00e9 \u00ab l'apog\u00e9e d'outrages impitoyables et concert\u00e9s \u00e0 l'encontre des peuples pacifiques \u00bb d'Afrique. Outre les formes \u00ab flagrantes \u00bb et \u00ab plus anciennes \u00bb d'imp\u00e9rialisme, telles que le \u00ab massacre gratuit \u00bb de manifestants anti-apartheid en Afrique du Sud quinze jours avant la conf\u00e9rence, les \u00ab outrages \u00bb auxquels Nkrumah faisait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incluaient \u00e9galement ce qui lui semblait \u00eatre une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire dans l\u2019oppression : l'explosion, le 13 f\u00e9vrier, d'une bombe atomique fran\u00e7aise dans le Sahara alg\u00e9rien <\/em>(The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah's Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 avril 1960).\n<p><em>T\u0101tarara\u2019a\u00a0: I te 7 n\u014d \u2019\u0113per\u0113ra matahiti <\/em><em>1960 ra, te fa\u2019atere m\u0101t\u0101mua n\u014d Ghana \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au n\u014d muri a\u2019e, o Kwame Nkrumah, i vauvau na \u2019oia i te \u2019\u014drero \u2019iritira\u2019a i te Rurura\u2019a n\u014d te rohi maita\u2019i n\u014d te hau \u2019e te \u0101rai-p\u0101ruru i Accra, i Ghana. T\u0113 fa\u2019a\u2019ite mai ra te hoho\u2019a pata i te purupiti mai reira t\u014d Nkrumah \u2019\u014drerora\u2019a, \u2019ei reira ho\u2019i te t\u0101pa\u2019ora\u2019ahia te \u2019\u012brava ra \u00ab\u00a0Eiaha \u2019ei hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a <\/em>\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b<em>\u00bb. Te rurura\u2019a, \u2019ei reira te \u2019\u0101muira\u2019a mai te mau raumaire n\u014d tei hau atu i te 20 Hau \u2019\u0100firita \u2019e te mau t\u0101\u2019atira\u2019a fa\u2019atupu-hau n\u014d te ao t\u0101\u2019\u0101to\u2019a nei, i t\u012btauhia \u00efa n\u014d te tumu o t\u0101 Nkrumah i pi\u2019i na\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0te f\u0101ito \u2018\u016b\u2019ana o te mau h\u0101mani-\u2019ino-ra\u2019a aroha-\u2019ore e fa\u2019aauhia i ni\u2019a i te mau n\u016bna\u2019a hau n\u014d \u2019\u0100firita. A ta\u2019a atu ai te mau huru \u00ab\u00a0hahira\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb \u2019e \u00ab\u00a0tahito roa a\u2019e\u00a0\u00bb o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, mai te mau\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0taparahi-h\u0101noa-ra\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb o te mau fei\u0101 ta\u2019ahi p\u0101to\u2019i-ora\u2019\u014dpae i \u2019\u0100firita Apato\u2019a \u2019ahuru m\u0101 pae mahana n\u0101 mua a\u2019e i te rurura\u2019a, te \u00ab\u00a0mau h\u0101mani-\u2019ino-ra\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb i fa\u2019ahitihia na e Nkrumah, i poi ato\u2019a na i tei mana\u2019ohia e ana \u2019ei tuha\u2019a hau atu \u0101 i roto i te fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012bra\u2019a\u00a0: te ha\u2019ap\u0101\u2019inara\u2019a, i te 13 n\u014d fepuare ra, o te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 p\u0101ura <\/em>\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b <em>far\u0101ni i roto i te Sahara i \u2019\u0100ret\u0113ria <\/em>(The National Archives, DO 35\/9382, \u00ab Dr Nkrumah\u2019s Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa \u00bb, 7 n\u014d \u2019\u0113per\u0113ra matahiti 1960).<\/p>\n[sidebar_references]\n<p>[section_separator title=\"Page 3\"]<\/p> <p>Ia au i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, te tai\u2019ora\u2019a t\u0101u\u2019apapa i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e t\u012btau te reira i n\u0101 tuha\u2019a tuat\u0101papa ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 e piti : t\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0Hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e \u2019aore \u00efa t\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te tahi a\u2019e pae, e t\u014d te \u2019ihifenua poritita e te parauanoho poritita i te tahi atu a\u2019e pae. E ti\u2019ara\u2019a faufa\u2019a o tei mauhia na e Kwame Nkrumah i roto i te fatura\u2019a i te mau niu \u2019ihimana\u2019o n\u014d te matameha\u2019i [hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b]. Te t\u0101pa\u2019o i tuuhia e ana i ni\u2019a i te ta\u2019o ra \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i roto i t\u0101 na fa\u2019ahapara\u2019a i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, t\u0113 fa\u2019atoro ra \u00efa i ni\u2019a i te mau m\u0101\u2019imira\u2019a a te \u2019ihitapiho\u2019o ti\u2019am\u0101 m\u0101tauhia [\u2018oia \u2019o] John Hobson, o tei fa\u2019ahiti \u2019\u0113na i te parau o te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb n\u014d te t\u0101tara e mea n\u0101 hea te moni-papa \u2019\u0101p\u012b e te mau m\u0101tete i te fa\u2019aitoitora\u2019a i te horo-p\u016bpara-ra\u2019a i \u2019Afirita i te\u00a019<sup>ra\u2019a<\/sup> o te tenetere.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>I t\u0101tara m\u0101ite na o Nkrumah i teie r\u0113ni mana\u2019o i roto i t\u0101 na puta \u2019i te matahiti 1965 ra, <em>Neo-Colonialism<\/em> [<em>\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b<\/em>], o tei m\u0101na\u2019ona\u2019o e ua h\u0101manihia te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b n\u0101 roto i te ti\u2019ararora\u2019a t\u0101mau o te mau Hau \u2019afirita ia fa\u2019aauhia ia Europa e te mau Hau-\u00c2mui [Marite], noa atu \u00efa t\u014d r\u0101tou ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a mana i muri a\u2019e i te \u2019aina-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au. Te fa\u2019atoro ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 ra \u2019oia i ni\u2019a i te \u2019\u0101muira\u2019a o te mau fatu fare-moni peret\u0101ne, far\u0101ni e marite o tei \u00ab mau nei i te mau p\u016b-moni e t\u016bte a te mau [\u2026] Hau ti\u2019am\u0101 \u2019\u0101p\u012b \u00bb, e o tei turu maori ho\u2019i i \u00ab te p\u0101\u2019ohura\u2019a tapiha\u2019a \u0101p\u012b o te pata\u2019ohie, te \u0101uira, te \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019a i te vauvau \u00bb. Te fa\u2019ahiro\u2019a mai ra te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te mau \u00ab raveravera\u2019a a te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a poritita p\u0101hono-\u2018ore-hia \u00bb, o tei rave i te faufa\u2019a-moni e te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a n\u014d te fa\u2019a\u0101tea ia na i te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b hui\u2019emepera o tei niuhia i ni\u2019a i te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019a o te mau fenua\u00a0[footnote] The National Archives, UK, DO 35\/9382 'Dr Nkrumah's Speech to the Conference on Positive Action and Peace and Security in Africa', 7 avril 1960. [\/footnote].<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Ua arata\u2019i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a i te huru fa\u2019atua\u2019\u0101\u2019aira\u2019ahia te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a. I ha\u2019ap\u0101p\u016b na o Gabrielle Hecht \u0113 i to te mau Hau hui\u2019emepera fa\u2019atupura\u2019a i te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, \u00ab i fa\u2019anahohia na \u00efa ei mono i te hui\u2019emepera\u2026 ei r\u0101ve\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b e ei t\u0101pa\u2019o n\u014d te ti\u2019ara\u2019a i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 hau ia ha\u2019aparare i t\u014d na mana n\u0101 te ao nei\u00a0\u00bb. Te \u2019itera\u2019a i te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ei mau mono hui\u2019emepera, e \u2019aore \u00efa ei tuha\u2019a hope\u2019a n\u014d te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a \u2019ona e tau\u2019\u0101p\u012b, te h\u014dro\u2019a mai ra \u00efa i te tahi hi\u2019ora\u2019a p\u0101p\u016b, e riro ato\u2019a r\u0101 te reira ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a ha\u2019apoto roa<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Te mau puna, te mau faufa\u2019a e te mau aunatira\u2019a hui\u2019emepera, e\u2019ere ana\u2019e \u00efa e f\u0101ito ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 roa atu i te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e \u2019aore \u00efa piri atu ia r\u0101tou ; ua arata\u2019i p\u016bai ato\u2019a r\u0101 r\u0101tou i te huru n\u014d to teie mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019ahia. Te mau uira\u2019a faufa\u2019a n\u014d te papa o te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, te raut\u012bra\u2019a iho\u0101 r\u0101 i te mau fifi e riro i te f\u0101 mai e te m\u0101\u2019itira\u2019a i te mau p\u016b t\u0101matamatara\u2019a, e noa\u2019a ta r\u0101tou p\u0101honora\u2019a i roto i te mau tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera. Te huru hi\u2019ora\u2019a a te mau ti\u2019a hui\u2019emepera i te aoh\u0101\u2019ati m\u0113t\u0113para e te mau motu m\u0113t\u0113para \u2013 e tae noa atu i te mau ta\u2019ata i noho na i reira \u2013 ua riro \u00efa ei turu rahi i roto i te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. Te mau faufa\u2019a hui\u2019emepera fa\u2019aauhia i te n\u0101tura, i te taura ta\u2019ata e i te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a, ua fa\u2019a\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012bhia r\u0101tou, m\u0101 te \u2019iriti ho\u2019i i te arati\u2019a n\u014d te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab huru fifi \u2019\u0101p\u012b \u00bb honohia i te mau aoh\u0101\u2019ati ta\u2019ero, i te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a ha\u2019avaitahahia i ni\u2019a i te mau hihi ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e i te mana nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau-tapiha\u2019a\u00a0[footnote] K. Erikson, <em>A New Species of Trouble : The Human Experience of Modern Disasters <\/em>(New York : W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 1994). [\/footnote].<\/p> <p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n[sidebar_references]\n<p>[section_separator title=\"Page 4\"]<\/p> <p>E ti\u2019a roa ato\u2019a ia fa\u2019aau i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ei tumu n\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0<u>au\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012bra\u2019a<\/u>\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: te arata\u2019ira\u2019a poritita e n\u0101 reira te mau m\u0101teria e te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te ha\u2019av\u0101ra\u2019ahia ei \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb. Hou a\u2019e r\u0101 te mau Hau a \u2019imi ai n\u014d te p\u0101to\u2019i e te t\u0101pa\u2019o i tei \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012bhia e tei \u2019ore, i ha\u2019ap\u0101p\u016b maori na r\u0101tou e mea n\u0101 hea te mau hina\u2019aro \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i tano ai ia fa\u2019atupuhia. I \u2019\u014dpuahia na te fa\u2019anahora\u2019a n\u014d te t\u0101pa\u2019ora\u2019a ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 e t\u016b\u2019ati ei reira te mau ti\u2019a, te mau aunatira\u2019a e te mau faufa\u2019a hui\u2019emepera e ora atu ai i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 ti\u2019ara\u2019a m\u0101t\u0101mua.<\/p> <p>Te ti\u2019ara\u2019a o te mau hui\u2019emepera europa ei arata\u2019i i te \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a [n\u014d te] i\u2019oa-papa, ei reira te mau r\u0101\u2019au tupu, te mau \u2019\u0101nimara e te mau pir\u016b i te \u2019\u0101papara\u2019ahia i roto i te mau tumuti\u2019a, i riro ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 mau na ei p\u0101turu. I te Fenua-Pirit\u0101nia (Peret\u0101ne) e i Far\u0101ni, te mau m\u0101\u2019imira\u2019a m\u0101t\u0101mua i ni\u2019a i te mau \u2019\u0113f\u0113 n\u014d te parauora e te aoh\u0101\u2019ati o te ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b a te ta\u2019ata nei, ua f\u0101nauhia te reira i roto i te mau p\u016b hui\u2019emepera n\u014d te r\u0101pa\u2019aura\u2019a ma\u2019i i te pae reva-vera. Mai te mau motu parataito ho\u2019i i ni\u2019a ia r\u0101tou, a muri a\u2019e, e fa\u2019a\u2019ohipahia atu ai t\u014d na p\u016bai t\u016bano, te ora roto o te \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u0113 i tuat\u0101papahia na e te mau taote n\u014d te hope\u2019a o te 19<sup>ra\u2019a <\/sup>o te tenetere ei \u00ab\u00a0m\u0101teria iho\u2019e\u2019\u0113\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Mai te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ato\u2019a i h\u0101mani na i te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ua fa\u2019a\u2019\u0101p\u012b te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a o te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i t\u0101 na t\u0101tarara\u2019a n\u014d te \u2019ohipa a te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b hui\u2019emepera, te tahi atu \u0101 \u00efa tuha\u2019a e ha\u2019amo\u2019emo\u2019e atu ra i roto i te mau tereratau o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. I te mea \u0113 e ua fa\u2019arirohia te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a ei \u2019\u014dtamutamu i te tau e te vauvau, ua fa\u2019ataui ato\u2019a r\u0101tou i te mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a i rotop\u016b i te mau ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a hui\u2019emepera e te mau paehiti \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au. Ua ha\u2019amau teie mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a i te matat\u0101ipe n\u014d te hoho\u2019a n\u0101 roto i te reira te mau hui\u2019emepera e te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te tuat\u0101papara\u2019ahia, te mau \u00ab\u00a0\u0101rea fa\u2019at\u016btia\u00a0\u00bb paehiti o tei h\u014dro\u2019a mai i te rima-rave-\u2019ohipa, te mau puna e te vauvau e au i te\u00a0mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a r\u016b a te mau ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a i te pae n\u014d te \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a e n\u014d te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Ua t\u016bru\u2019i te \u2019anotau \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i ni\u2019a i teie mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a-paehiti, e ua fa\u2019ataui ia r\u0101tou, m\u0101 te ha\u2019afifi pinepine i te manahau\u2019\u0113 o tei noa\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b mai i te mau Hau ti\u2019am\u00e4. Mai tei fa\u2019aarahia na e te tomitera-teitei marite i Firipino m\u0101 i te \u2019\u014dro\u2019a fa\u2019ahanahana n\u014d te ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a firipino, i te 4 n\u014d tiurai matahiti 1946 ra : \u00ab ua t\u0101aru te mau hau ato\u2019a i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 tuha\u2019a n\u014d to r\u0101tou ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a, n\u014d to r\u0101tou ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a hope, i te manureva ra, i te r\u0101tio ra, e i te paura \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ra \u00bb. M\u0101 te \u2018\u0101muitahi, ua tauturu teie mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a [i te f\u0101ra\u2019a mai] te mau huru \u2019\u0101p\u012b o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, i ni\u2019a a\u2019e i te fa\u2019anahora\u2019a t\u0101\u2019ato\u2019a, te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab ao t\u0101pirihia \u00bb n\u014d te \u00ab hi\u2019opo\u2019a e n\u014d te hi\u2019opo\u2019a aotahi n\u0101 roto i te r\u0101ve\u2019a n\u014d te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 p\u016bai nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau m\u0101 te parau\u2019iteha\u2019a teitei \u00bb.\u00a0[footnote] P.N. Edwards, <em>The Closed World : Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America <\/em>(Cambridge : The MIT Press, 1996), p.1. [\/footnote]<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Teie hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b, o te mau Hau-\u2019\u0100mui [Marite] ho\u2019i te mau matahiapo, ua n\u0101-ni\u2019a-iho a\u2019e \u00efa i te mau poritita fenua a te mau hui\u2019emepera europa. Ua ha\u2019af\u0101nau mai te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0hi\u2019ora\u2019a hu\u2019ahu\u2019a o te vauvau\u00a0\u00bb, hau atu i te 800 p\u016b nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau i fatuhia na e te mau Hau-\u2019\u0100mui [Marite] n\u0101 te ao nei i te pae hope\u2019a n\u014d te tama\u2019i to\u2019eto\u2019e. I roto i teie fa\u2019anahora\u2019a, ua riro te nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau marite ei \u00ab\u00a0fatu fenua rahi roa a\u2019e, te taiete tapiho\u2019o tauha\u2019a rahi roa a\u2019e e te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa ito rahi roa a\u2019e n\u0101 te ao nei\u00a0\u00bb. E inaha i teie mau mahana, a fa\u2019aho\u2019ona noa ai te mau taiete n\u014d te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b i roto i te mau m\u0101tini p\u016b\u2019oi ha\u2019iha\u2019i n\u014d te p\u0101hono i te mau hia\u2019ai ito o te m\u0101ramarama h\u0101manihia, i te mea ra \u0113 e t\u0101mau atu \u0101 te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b \u2019\u0101p\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te h\u0101mani \u2019\u0101p\u012b fa\u2019ahou i te \u2019ahu vauvau n\u0101 te reva o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ei hoho\u2019a n\u014d te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b.<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n[sidebar_references]\n<p>[section_separator title=\"Page 5\"]<\/p> <p>Te hoho\u2019a ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a-paehiti, a ta\u2019a atu ai t\u014d na faufa\u2019a n\u014d te feruri i te parauanoho poritita a te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e riro \u2019ona i te huna i te mau urufifi tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai o te mau tapiho\u2019ora\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. Te \u00ab\u00a0paehiti\u00a0\u00bb, o te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00efa f\u0101ito p\u0101p\u016b \u2019ore roa ra, n\u014d te mea \u0113 te mau paehiti ei reira te arata\u2019ira\u2019ahia te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, pinepine r\u0101tou i te fatu i ta r\u0101tou iho \u00ab\u00a0p\u016b\u00a0\u00bb ei reira te \u2019\u0101uah\u0101\u2019atira\u2019a te mau \u2019ite e te mau t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a t\u014dtiare-tapiho\u2019o. Ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a, te p\u0101to\u2019i-\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au-ra\u2019a i f\u0101 mai i Tahiti i te taime o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b far\u0101ni [\u2026], \u2019aita \u00efa i fa\u2019atupu i teie mau \u2019\u014dpape i te motu n\u014d Hao, e vai ato\u2019a nei ho\u2019i i Porinetia far\u0101ni, ei reira te huira\u2019atira i te porofit\u0113ra\u2019a i te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a ia f\u0101na\u2019o r\u0101tou ato\u2019a i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 huru t\u0101ho\u2019\u0113ra\u2019a i te tau n\u014d teie \u00ab\u00a0matahiti \u2019auro\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>N\u014d teie f\u0101, te hoho\u2019a ha\u2019ap\u016bra\u2019a-paehiti mai reira mai te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb i te \u2019umera\u2019a mai i t\u014d na aura\u2019a, ua herepatahia n\u0101 te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 aunatira\u2019a \u2019\u0101no\u2019ino\u2019i roa atu o te tapiho\u2019ora\u2019a \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au roto. E mea faufa\u2019a i \u2019\u014d nei ia \u2019ite i te ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113ra\u2019a i rotop\u016b i te \u00ab\u00a0hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, e aura\u2019a ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113 ho\u2019i to r\u0101ua e piti ato\u2019a ra. Inaha a t\u012btau noa ai te m\u0101t\u0101mua [hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a] i te t\u016b\u2019atira\u2019a \u0101tea roa a\u2019e e te heru-faufa\u2019a ho\u2019i m\u0101 te mau fenua paehiti, t\u0113 t\u012btau nei \u00efa te piti [hui\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a] i te natirohi t\u0101mau roa a\u2019e, m\u0101 te fa\u2019a\u014d i te rahira\u2019a o te taime i te mau \u2019aihu\u2019a e te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a n\u014d te fa\u2019atupura\u2019a n\u0101 te tau roa a\u2019e.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>I fati na te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b n\u014d te t\u016bru\u2019i i ni\u2019a i te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a \u2019aihu\u2019a i vai hou na, e \u2019aore ho\u2019i i \u2019imi i te fa\u2019anaho i te mea \u2019\u0101p\u012b. Ia au i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, ua tauturu r\u0101tou i te tahi huru \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a roto, \u2019ore roa atu ai te mau n\u016bna\u2019a ihotupu e mana ia fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te r\u0101ve\u2019a poritita, mai te mea ra e, o tei ha\u2019amatarahia na i te mau Hau \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au ra e \u2019aore \u00efa \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au-muri, riro iho nei teie [mau n\u016bna\u2019a ihotupu] ei \u00ab\u00a0torura\u2019a o te ao\u00a0\u00bb i rotop\u016b i te \u00ab\u00a0ao m\u0101t\u0101mua\u00a0\u00bb papa\u2019\u0101 e te \u00ab\u00a0piti\u00a0\u00bb t\u014dvietia [r\u016btia]. Te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a f\u0101nautumu, te \u00ab\u00a0mahara\u2019a \u00efa o te ao\u00a0\u00bb \u2019ite-mata-\u2019ore-roa-a\u2019e-hia i roto i te \u2019\u0101na\u2019ira\u2019a natihau, i fati na ho\u2019i r\u0101tou n\u014d te fa\u2019aruru i te mau \u2019\u0113f\u0113 \u2019ino roa a\u2019e o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, a ta\u2019a atu ai t\u014d r\u0101tou v\u0101hi niura\u2019a. Te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a far\u0101ni i \u2019\u0100reteria, te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 fenua n\u014d te\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0ao tuhatoru\u00a0\u00bb o tei \u2019aro na n\u014d t\u014d na ti\u2019am\u0101ra\u2019a i te taime a ha\u2019amata ai te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a i te mau matahiti 1960 ra, e mea fa\u2019aano rahi atu \u00efa eiaha n\u014d te mau natihau, n\u014d te mau \u2019\u0101muitahira\u2019a ihotere r\u0101 n\u014d Touaregs o tei ti\u2019araro m\u0101 te mau pae \u2019apo\u2019o pape e vai ra i piha\u2019i iho i te mau p\u016b t\u0101matamatara.<\/p> <p>Te t\u0101tarara\u2019a n\u014d te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ei huru \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a roto\u00a0\u00bb, t\u0113 t\u016brama ato\u2019a ra \u00efa te reira i te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb e\u2019ere i t\u0101 te papa\u2019\u0101, o tei mahere pinepine i te hi\u2019opo\u2019ara\u2019a ia au i te hi\u2019ora\u2019a heheu a Marx e L\u00e9nine tuat\u0101papahia e Nkrumah. I fa\u2019atano ato\u2019a na o T\u0101ina (Chine) e o R\u016btia t\u014dvietia i t\u0101 r\u0101ua \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ia au i te hi\u2019opo\u2019ara\u2019a puahema e te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipara\u2019a i te mau fenua manarua. Te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a t\u012bn\u012bt\u014d i roto i te m\u0113t\u0113para i Gobi, ua fa\u2019a\u2019\u0101\u2019ano atu \u0101 \u00efa r\u0101tou i te p\u016bai nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau i te hope\u2019a n\u014d \u2019apato\u2019erau-to\u2019o\u2019a-\u2018o-te-r\u0101, ei reira te mau Ou\u012bghours, te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 n\u016bna\u2019a iti mahometa, i te vaira\u2019a ataata roa a\u2019e\u00a0; h\u014d\u2019\u0113\u0101 mau \u2019\u0113f\u0113 n\u014d te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a t\u014dvietia i roto i te \u2019ohura\u2019a t\u0101pa-nui e te m\u0101hora rahi i Kazakhstan.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Te tuha\u2019a-\u2019\u0101i\u2019a n\u0101 te roara\u2019a o te tau o te mau patura\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ua fa\u2019ahiti-ato\u2019a-hia ei tumu a\u2019e n\u014d te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te \u00ab\u00a0\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a\u00a0\u00bb [i te fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa ho\u2019i] i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a. Ua fa\u2019aauhia te mau t\u014dr\u012br\u012b vi\u2019ivi\u2019i ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b iho\u0101 r\u0101 ei \u2019\u0113f\u0113 n\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0fa\u2019a\u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au\u00a0\u00bb i te mau tino e te mau aoh\u0101\u2019ati e\u2019\u0113 n\u0101 roto i t\u0101 r\u0101tou mau toe\u2019a ta\u2019ero. Ua fa\u2019a\u2019ite o John Shiga e mea n\u0101 hea te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b marite n\u0101 te mau motu Marshall i te tauturura\u2019a ia vait\u0101mau te mau<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n[sidebar_references]\n<p>[section_separator title=\"Page 6\"]<\/p> <p>\u2019ohipa nu\u2019ufa\u2019ehau-\u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a noa atu \u00efa \u0113 ua riro te motu ei fenua i raro a\u2019e i te tia\u2019ira\u2019a mana a te ONU. Te aura\u2019a o te uru-ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b-ra\u2019a o te mau motu, o te rirora\u2019a \u00efa te mau tino o to r\u0101tou huira\u2019atira ei vaira\u2019a n\u014d te mau \u2019ite \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i muri a\u2019e roa i te \u2019anotau o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>M\u0101 te fa\u2019atoro i te mau puna \u2019uraniuma e i te mau p\u016b ha\u2019apu\u2019era\u2019a pehu \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b i ni\u2019a i te mau fenua o te fei\u0101 f\u0101nautumu i te mau Hau-\u2019\u0100mui [Marite], ua tae o Winona LaDuke e o Ward Churchill i te m\u0101na\u2019ona\u2019o e te vai nei t\u014d te ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e t\u014d te \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a, mau fa\u2019auiuira\u2019a papa h\u014d\u2019\u0113. I te tahi a\u2019e pae, te nu\u2019ura\u2019atau o te mau fifi i fa\u2019atupuhia na e r\u0101tou, \u2019aita \u00efa e \u2019\u014dti\u2019a, e he\u2019eau\u2019i. I te tahi a\u2019e ho\u2019i pae ra, e mea fa\u2019aau \u2019at\u0101 i te ani ia t\u0101t\u0101\u2019\u012b te fei\u0101 i fa\u2019atupu i te reira mau fifi, te tahi tumu, ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a \u2019apa\u2019apa, n\u014d t\u014d r\u0101tou \u00efa huru \u2019\u014dti\u2019a \u2019ore e vainuira\u2019a. \u00ab O ta [te \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b] e ha\u2019a nei e\u2019ita roa atu \u00efa e ti\u2019a ia fa\u2019ata\u2019a. \u2026 Eita roa atu ho\u2019i te reira e riro ei fifi n\u014d te tahi ta\u2019ata \u2019\u0113 atu, \u2019inaha atu ai te v\u0101hi ei reira \u2019oia i te nohora\u2019a i taua taime ra \u00bb [footnote] W. LaDuke et W. Churchill, \"Native America : The Political Economy of Radioactive Colonialism', <em>The Journal of Ethnic Studies <\/em>13:3 (1985), pp.107-132. [\/footnote].<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Te mau t\u014dr\u012br\u012b vi\u2019ivi\u2019i ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, i te mea e tei ni\u2019a i te fa\u2019anahora\u2019a paraneta, e ti\u2019a ia mana\u2019o \u0113 e ua riro te mau hoho\u2019a hui\u2019emepera ei reru rahi, noa atu \u00efa i vai na te mau paehiti \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au i ni\u2019a i te r\u0113ni m\u0101t\u0101mua o te mau fifi \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b. E \u2019inaha, i t\u0101h\u014d\u2019\u0113 na te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b e hui\u2019emepera n\u0101 roto i te tumu o te hina\u2019aro \u2019\u0101mui i te p\u016baihau\u2019\u0113 n\u0101 te aotahi e te vaitahira\u2019a. M\u0101 te reira, ua ha\u2019af\u0101nau ato\u2019a mai r\u0101tou i te mau huru n\u014d \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a e n\u014d te m\u0101ramaramara\u2019a paraneta. Te mau \u2019ihiv\u0101na\u2019a o tei tuat\u0101papa i te \u2019aerera\u2019a o te hu\u2019a-ito-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b n\u014d roto mai i te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ei hi\u2019ora\u2019a, ua ha\u2019af\u0101nau mai \u00efa i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019ihipipi, te parauanaho o te nahoapapa. Ei fa\u2019ahitira\u2019a ia Laura Martin, i te mea ra \u0113 \u00ab\u00a0te anora\u2019a o te tumu t\u012btauhia \u00efa n\u014d te m\u0101ramarama e te natihono nei te ora\u00a0\u00bb. Ua riro te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a ei faura\u2019o faufa\u2019a n\u014d te \u00ab\u00a0Auta\u2019ata\u2019\u0101p\u012b \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b\u00a0\u00bb, ei reira te mau ha\u2019ap\u0101\u2019inara\u2019a e te mau pehu vi\u2019ivi\u2019i o te mau t\u0101matamatara\u2019a i te vai-iho-ra\u2019a mai i te mau t\u0101pa\u2019o ta\u2019ero-\u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b o tei ora t\u0101mau atu n\u0101 te roara\u2019a o te mau \u2019anotau.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>E mea faufa\u2019a ia tuat\u0101papa-maita\u2019i-hia te ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b m\u0101 te fa\u2019at\u016b\u2019ati i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a parauanaho, e tae noa atu ato\u2019a ho\u2019i i te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b e \u2019aore \u00efa i te \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019aura\u2019a \u2019\u0101p\u012b. Ia au i teie hi\u2019ora\u2019a, e o vai noa atu \u0101 ho\u2019i te Hau e mata-ara ra i te reira, t\u0113 vai nei t\u014d te t\u0101\u2019ato\u2019a o te mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a, mau t\u0101pa\u2019o hui\u2019emepera ta\u2019a\u2019\u0113. N\u014d te f\u0101ito rahi o te anira\u2019a ito \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, e\u2019ita te reira [mau \u2019\u014dpuara\u2019a] e naho maita\u2019i m\u0101 te \u2019ore e fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b n\u0101 te fenua e\u2019\u0113 e \u2019aore n\u0101 [te mau fenua] roto. E ti\u2019a atu r\u00e4 \u00efa ia ha\u2019ap\u0101p\u016b e ua tauturu te mau puna \u2019aihu\u2019ar\u0101\u2019au e te mau puahema hui\u2019emepera i te mau Hau ia fa\u2019a\u2019ohipa i te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u00ab\u00a0\u2019\u014du\u2019a f\u0101itotahi\u00a0\u00bb e t\u0101pae atu ai i te \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ra\u00a0: te h\u014d\u2019\u0113 \u2019\u014du\u2019a, m\u0101 te tahi ravera\u2019a \u2019\u0113 atu, o \u00ab\u00a0tei \u2019ore atu \u00efa e naho m\u0101teria\u00a0\u00bb ia r\u0101tou ia rave, ei fa\u2019ahitira\u2019a ia Alfred Crosby.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>M\u0101 te vauvaura\u2019a atu i te tahi t\u0101tarara\u2019a \u2019\u0101\u2019ano o te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b, ua ha\u2019afaufa\u2019a teie ma\u2019a tua\u2019ite iti i te urufifi n\u014d te tua\u2018\u0101\u2019ai hui\u2019emepera e te itoito o te mau ferurira\u2019a o te hui\u2019emepera. E mea faufa\u2019a ho\u2019i teie [tuat\u0101papara\u2019a], n\u014d te mea, a vai \u2019\u0113na a\u2019e mai ai te maru-fa\u2019at\u012bt\u012b e te mana iho ei hururaura\u2019a, ia firi-ana\u2019e-hia teie mau f\u0101 m\u0101 te mau parau\u2019iteha\u2019a e nu\u2019u t\u0101mau nei, e naho \u2019\u0101p\u012b fa\u2019ahou mai r\u0101tou. \u2019A ta\u2019a atu ai e t\u0113 vai nei te hina\u2019aro e p\u016b\u2019ohu n\u0101 roto i te tahi t\u0101tarara\u2019a t\u0101\u2019ue\u2019ue \u2019ore m\u0101 te h\u014d\u2019\u0113\u2019irava, e riro \u00efa te reira huru tauto\u2019ora\u2019a i te ha\u2019afaufa\u2019a \u2019ore i te mau itoito o tei fa\u2019ariro i te mau hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a \u2019\u0101t\u014dm\u012b ei p\u016bai rahi i roto i te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai o te ao nei. Te taime a ha\u2019amau ai i te reira huru t\u0101tarara\u2019a, \u2019\u0113na \u00efa te nu\u2019ura\u2019a o te parau n\u014d te orara\u2019a e te tua\u2019\u0101\u2019ai n\u014d te hui\u2019emeperara\u2019a, mai tei tupu mau atu ho\u2019i n\u0101 te \u2019anotau n\u014d te m\u0101ramarama h\u0101manihia e n\u014d te mau m\u0101tini p\u016b\u2019oi ha\u2019iha\u2019i.<\/p>\n[sidebar_references]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notice-cep\/3503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notice-cep"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/notice-cep"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notice-cep\/3503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3910,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notice-cep\/3503\/revisions\/3910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3503"},{"taxonomy":"autrice--auteur","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/autrice--auteur?post=3503"},{"taxonomy":"chronologie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/chronologie?post=3503"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=3503"},{"taxonomy":"nom-commun","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nom-commun?post=3503"},{"taxonomy":"nom-propre","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionnaire-cep.upf.pf\/tah\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nom-propre?post=3503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}